三等九级
three classes and nine ranks
大贵族、大活佛和高级官员
nobles, Living Buddhas1 and senior officials
上等人命价为与尸体等重的黄金
The value of the life of a person of the upper class was measured in gold according to his weight.
下等人命价仅值一根草绳
Others of the lowest rank of the lower class was equivalent to hempen2 rope.
政教合一的封建农奴制
feudal3 serfdom under theocracy4
《十六法典》
16-Article Code
《十三法典》
13-Article Code
人不无主、地不无差
All serfs have owners and all plots of land are assigned.
三大领主（官家、贵族、寺庙上层僧侣）
three major estate-holders
人役税
servitude tax
差巴（领种份地，向农奴主支差役的人）
tralpa
堆穷（意为冒烟的小户）
duiqoin
朗生（一无所有，世代为奴）
nangzan
乌拉差（一种包含徭役、赋税、地（畜）租在内的意思十分广泛的差税总称）
corvee labor - a broad term covering not only corvee, but taxes and levies, and rents for land and livestock
子孙债
debts passed down from previous generations
连保债
debts resulting from joint liability
集体摊派债
debts apportioned among all the serfs
